How ESD Affects Semiconductor Devices and Circuits

Before learning more complicated testing procedures, know what’s happening when semiconductors are subjected to ESD is very important. ESD can damage devices by a rapid localized heating of the semiconductor material or by rapidly creating strong electrical fields. Critically, even very small discharges or over-stress can be fatal or cause latent failures. The manufacture of semiconductor circuits not only involves components that were intentionally made, but also those that come as a consequence of the circuit’s construction and architecture. These components play crucial roles in circuit design and analysis, and usually cause damage of an IC. Some examples would be the capacitances between junctions that form an electrical short to high-frequency components and the parasitic thyristors between transistors that form an electrical short when activated.
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