Microcontroller

A microcontroller is a self-contained system with peripherals, memory and a processor that can be used as an embedded system. Most programmable microcontrollers that are used today are embedded in other consumer products or machinery including phones, peripherals, automobiles and household appliances for computer systems. Microcontrollers are so powerful components that they let you write programs to control your electronics. 

There are several different kinds of programmable microcontrollers. The most common types categorized by several parameters including Bits, Flash size, RAM size, number of input/output lines, packaging type, supply voltage and speed. Programmable microcontrollers contain general purpose input/output pins. The number of these pins varies depending on the microcontroller. They can be configured to an input or an output state by software. When configured to an input state, these pins can be used to read external signals or sensors. When they are configured to the output state, they can drive external devices like LED displays and motors.
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